Transitions can be challenging for anyone, but for autistic individuals, they can be particularly difficult. Transitions can be tough for any child, but for teens and young adults with autism, they can be especially challenging. If you’re a caregiver or support person for an adult with autism, you may have noticed that transitions, or moving from one activity or environment to another, can cause anxiety and stress due to various transition challenges.
But why is that, and what can you do to help?
In this blog post, we’ll explore the reasons behind why transitions can be challenging for adults with autism, and provide some tips and strategies to make them a bit easier.
Click here to jump to the TL;DR summary.
Introduction to Transition Strategies
Transition strategies are essential for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) to navigate changes in their daily routines, environments, and activities. These strategies can help reduce anxiety, stress, and uncertainty associated with transitions, making them smoother and more manageable. By understanding the importance of transition strategies and how to implement them effectively, individuals with autism and their support systems can better prepare for and manage transitions, leading to a more successful and independent life.
Key transition strategies include using visual schedules, social stories, and positive reinforcement. Visual schedules provide a clear outline of the day’s activities, helping individuals with autism understand what to expect and when. Social stories use simple, illustrated narratives to explain changes in routine, making them easier to comprehend. Positive reinforcement, such as verbal praise or small rewards, can motivate individuals to manage transitions more effectively. By creating a supportive environment that fosters a greater sense of control and confidence, these strategies can significantly reduce anxiety and improve the overall transition experience.
Why Are Transitions Challenging for Adults with Autism?
Transitions, or any kind of change in routine, can be particularly difficult for adults with autism. But why is that?
Let’s take a closer look.
Sensory Processing Issues
One of the main reasons why transitions can be challenging for adults with autism is because of sensory processing issues.
Adults with autism may be hypersensitive to certain stimuli like loud noises or bright lights, and transitioning from one environment to another, especially with unexpected changes, can expose them to these triggers. This can cause them to become overwhelmed and anxious, making it difficult for them to switch gears.
Difficulty with Communication
Transitions often require verbal cues or instructions, and adults with autism may struggle to process and understand these directions. This can lead to confusion and frustration, as they may not understand what they are being asked to do or where they need to go, especially when moving from one task to another.
Need for Routine
Adults with autism often thrive on routine and predictability. Transitions can disrupt their sense of routine and cause them to feel anxious and uncertain about what is coming next, making it crucial to use visual schedules that outline the day’s activities. Kids with autism often thrive on routine and predictability, and transitions can disrupt their sense of routine, causing anxiety and uncertainty. In addition, new situations or environments can be overwhelming and cause sensory overload, further exacerbating their anxiety, making it crucial to use visual schedules that outline the day’s activities.
Executive Functioning Challenges
Adults with autism may also struggle with executive functioning skills, which are crucial for planning, organizing, and completing tasks.
Transitions often require these skills, as the individual needs to be able to plan and organize their thoughts and actions to successfully transition from one activity to different activities. Transitions often require planning, organizing, and completing tasks, which are skills associated with executive functioning that some kids with autism struggle with.
Preparing for Transitions
Preparing for transitions is a critical step in making them smoother and more manageable for individuals with autism. This involves creating a visual schedule, providing advance notice, and using visual aids to help the individual mentally prepare for the upcoming transition. By breaking down the transition process into smaller, more manageable steps, individuals with autism can better understand what to expect and feel more in control.
For example, if an individual is transitioning to a new environment, a visual schedule can outline each step of the process, from leaving the house to arriving at the new location. Providing advance notice allows the individual to mentally prepare for the change, reducing anxiety. Visual aids, such as pictures or symbols, can further clarify the steps involved. Additionally, role-playing scenarios and using transition cards can help build confidence and reduce anxiety associated with new environments and situations. By practicing these scenarios, individuals can become more familiar with the process, making the actual transition less daunting.
Creating Transition Plans
Creating transition plans is an essential step in supporting individuals with autism as they navigate changes in their lives. These plans should be tailored to the individual’s specific needs, taking into account their strengths, challenges, and preferences. A transition plan should include strategies for managing anxiety, providing positive reinforcement, and creating a supportive environment that fosters independence and confidence.
Involving the individual in the planning process is crucial. This allows them to express their needs and concerns, ensuring that the plan is personalized and effective. Strategies such as using visual schedules, social stories, and positive reinforcement can be incorporated into the plan to provide clear guidance and motivation. Self-advocacy skills are important for adults with autism during transitions to communicate their needs effectively. By creating a supportive environment that acknowledges the individual’s specific needs, we can help them manage transitions more effectively and build confidence in their ability to navigate changes.
20 Strategies to Ease Changes in Routine
Transitioning from one activity to another may require significant effort and preparation, which can be overwhelming and even frustrating for adults with autism. However, as caregivers or support persons, there are several strategies we can use to ease this transition and make it smoother for adults.
Here are some of our best tips.
1. Give Advance Warning
Providing advance notice before any changes occur can be an effective way to ease the transition for adults with autism.
For example, informing an individual that they have five minutes left before it’s time to stop an activity can help reduce anxiety levels, as transitions often require individuals to effectively shift attention and adapt to changes.
2. Use Visual Timers or Schedules
Visual schedules are essential for many individuals with autism as they help them understand what is coming up and what they can expect throughout the day. Visual schedules can decrease transition time and challenging behaviors for children with autism. Have a visual timer or schedule for your child’s routine, which helps them prepare and anticipate changes.
For a sample daily visual that can be customized to support changes in routine, check out this downloadable template from The Real Life Executive Functioning Workbook (coupon code LSA20 for 20% off at checkout).
3. Use Words or Photos to Indicate Upcoming Transitions
Using visual aids such as photos, symbols, or words can help your child understand what will happen in the next activity.
For instance, using a photo of your child’s shoe by the door can signify that it’s time to leave for school, or asking a child to match the picture of the bathroom on their schedule with the bathroom door can help them transition between two activities.
4. Celebrate Successes
Recognizing and celebrating when an adult successfully navigates a transition can boost their confidence and motivation. Acknowledging their efforts, whether through verbal praise, a handshake, or a small reward, can encourage them to continue managing transitions effectively in the future.
5. Make Transitions Predictable
As much as possible, keep the adult informed of upcoming changes. If there will be a change in routine, provide plenty of warning and information ahead of time.
6. Offer a “Completion” Box
One helpful strategy is to use a “completion” box. The box can be used to signal that a particular activity or task has finished, and it’s time to move on to the next routine. This can be as simple as a box or container to put items in or a digital timer.
After the completion of a task or activity, the child can put a toy, book, or object symbolizing the completed task in the box. This helps with the visual cue that the previous activity has ended and is a signal to move onto the next task.
For instance, after completing breakfast, a child can put the breakfast bowl in the completion box, signaling that breakfast is over, and it’s time to move on to the next activity.
7. Try to Alternate Easier and More Difficult Activities
This technique can help an adult build up to more challenging situations by sequencing certain activities in a way that gradually increases difficulty. There is always a sense of accomplishment when an adult completes a difficult task, which can lead to increased confidence.
By contrast, starting with a more challenging activity when the individual is already stressed can be quite overwhelming and can cause distress. By starting with easier activities, you can help the adult become comfortable with the routine and prepare for more demanding ones.
8. Use Social Stories
Social stories are another technique that can aid adults in understanding routine changes. Social stories are simple illustrated stories that are designed to help an individual understand different situations.
The use of pictures and words can help an adult visualize the change in routine in a way they understand. Social stories can be personalized to meet the individual needs of an adult, using their name, preferred interests, and routine to help them understand what to expect.
They can be used to assist in changes such as new environments, moving from one activity to another, and eventually preparing for changes in routine.
9. Rehearse Changes to Routine
One of the most effective ways to prepare adults with autism for changes in routine is to rehearse the change ahead of time. This involves going through the steps of the new routine with the individual.
For instance, if the adult will be starting a new job at a different time, practice waking up at that time, getting dressed, and leaving the house. This practice can help the individual understand what to expect and feel more in control of the situation.
10. Have a Contingency Plan for Meltdowns
Even with the best preparations, sudden changes can still lead to meltdowns, which is why it’s important to have a contingency plan in place for when things go wrong.
This plan should include steps for calming the child down and getting them to a safe, quiet space. It may also include a list of calming activities, such as deep breathing, listening to music, or playing with a sensory toy. By having a plan in place, parents and teachers can feel more prepared and confident in supporting the child during times of stress.
11. Use Clear Prioritization
For adults with autism, understanding the sequence of tasks can be facilitated by clear prioritization. Instead of a first-then board, use a task list that highlights what needs immediate attention and what can be done later. First-Then boards visually represent tasks to help children with autism understand what comes next. This can be achieved through a digital planner or a simple written list that outlines tasks in order of importance. By clearly indicating which tasks are to be completed first and what rewards or breaks can follow, adults can better manage their time and feel motivated to complete the tasks at hand.
12. Give Wait Time
Offer an adult with autism a wait time before making any changes. This is simply a gap between the current activity and the next. A five-minute wait time will provide enough time to switch from one activity and prepare for the next one.
This technique also pairs well with a visual timer that can give the adult a clear visual cue for the transition time.
13. Be Clear On How Long Activities Will Last
Knowing exactly how long a task will last can help an adult plan their activities and foster a greater sense of control. It is important to ensure accurate times, as adults with autism require precision, honesty, and consistency within their schedule.
You can use a simple timer or visual countdown chart to inform how long each activity is going to last, and this will help them prepare for the conclusion of the undertaking.
14. Use Transition Objects or Tools
A transition object provides a sense of familiarity that can help an adult transition to the next activity. This object can also serve as a reinforcer and can be applied as a soothing item.
For example, if an adult is about to go to a new environment, you can provide them with a comforting item like a stress ball or a favorite book to carry throughout the process. Transition tools give them comfort and help keep them engaged during the transition.
15. Minimize Waiting
Waiting is tough for all of us – even as adults, it can be frustrating and annoying to stand around waiting for something to happen!
A useful technique is minimizing waiting times by suggesting filler activities that your child can do while waiting. This helps them redirect their energies and keep them engaged during an often awkward and distressing period.
16. Use Sensory Breaks
Using sensory breaks is an effective strategy to help children with autism regulate their emotions, reduce anxiety and stress, and increase focus and attention.
These breaks can be used anytime your child is feeling overwhelmed or stressed to help them calm down and focus. Sensory breaks can be anything that your child loves and finds calming, such as deep breathing exercises, a quick yoga session, or a short walk in nature.
You may also want to try sensory toys like fidget spinners or stress balls that provide a calming effect.
17. Try the Ancient Art of Distraction
Distraction is a valuable tool that we can all use to divert our minds from our worries or concerns.
When it comes to children with autism, distraction can work double time in helping them to manage changes in their routine. You can try using their favorite toys, games, or activities that they enjoy, to shift their focus from what’s causing them stress or anxiety.
On the flip side, you can even use positive affirmations and calming words to encourage them and reassure them they are safe and loved.
18. Be Consistent
When you know that changes are coming, take the time to prepare the individual and discuss what to expect. You may also want to create visual schedules and social stories that provide clarity and understanding of what’s going to happen next.
Consistency helps adults feel safe, secure, and in control, so make sure to maintain structure and routine as much as possible, even during changes or disruptions.
19. Don’t Rush
Try to introduce changes or transitions gradually – don’t rush, as this can increase anxiety levels for adults with autism and make the process take even longer.
Take things slow! For instance, if you are introducing a new activity, you can break it down into simple steps that the adult can follow. They will feel more comfortable transitioning from one activity to the next if they understand the reasoning behind the change.
Giving them more time to adjust to the new routine and allowing them to take small steps at their own pace will help them feel more confident.
20. Give Choices Whenever Possible
A final strategy to help adults with autism manage changes in routine is by giving them choices whenever possible.
Adults, especially those with autism, tend to crave control, and allowing them to make decisions can help them feel empowered and more comfortable transitioning to new situations.
Giving them a choice between two options can be as simple as asking, “Do you want to wear the red shirt or the blue one?” or “Do you want to read a book now or after snack time?” These choices may seem small, but they can significantly reduce anxiety and help the individual feel more in control of their environment.
Community Support and Resources
Community support and resources play a vital role in helping individuals with autism navigate transitions and achieve a more independent life. This includes accessing local autism organizations, support groups, and therapy services that can provide guidance, advice, and practical support. Communities often have resources specifically designed to support adults with autism during transitions. By connecting with other individuals and families who have experienced similar challenges, individuals with autism and their support systems can gain valuable insights, strategies, and encouragement to help them navigate the transition process.
Additionally, online resources, such as social stories and visual aids, can provide additional support and guidance to help individuals with autism manage transitions more successfully. These resources offer practical tools and strategies that can be easily implemented in daily life. By leveraging community support and available resources, individuals with autism can build a network of support that helps them navigate transitions with greater ease and confidence.
Adults with Autism
Adults with autism face unique challenges, especially when it comes to navigating change and transitioning to new environments. They may experience communication difficulties, sensory overload, and heightened anxiety in new situations. To support adults with autism, it’s crucial to provide advance notice of any changes, use visual aids to clarify upcoming activities, and create a supportive environment that caters to their specific needs. Successful transition plans can be developed by incorporating strategies such as role-playing scenarios, social stories, and positive reinforcement. These methods help adults with autism build confidence and reduce anxiety during transition times. By acknowledging the importance of routine and predictability, we can assist adults with autism in managing transitions more effectively, whether it’s moving to a new job, changing living arrangements, or adapting to different daily activities.
Collaboration and Communication
Collaboration and communication are key when supporting individuals with autism during transitions. It’s essential to involve the individual in the transition process, giving them a sense of control and agency. Communication difficulties can be addressed by using visual supports, such as visual schedules and transition cards, to facilitate understanding and reduce anxiety. By working together with the individual, their family, and support team, we can create a comprehensive transition plan that meets their unique needs and promotes a smoother transition. Effective communication and collaboration can help reduce stress and anxiety, making transitions more manageable for individuals with autism. This collaborative approach ensures that everyone involved is on the same page and that the individual feels supported throughout the transition process.
Creating a Supportive Environment
Creating a supportive environment is vital for individuals with autism, particularly during transitions. This can be achieved by minimizing sensory overload, providing a finished box for completed tasks, and using visual aids to facilitate understanding. A supportive environment can also be created by establishing routines and providing advance notice of upcoming transitions. By acknowledging the individual’s specific needs and preferences, we can develop strategies to reduce anxiety and make transitions more manageable. For example, using a visual schedule can help individuals with autism mentally prepare for upcoming activities, while role-playing scenarios can help build confidence in new situations. By providing a supportive environment, we can empower individuals with autism to navigate change and transitions with greater ease and confidence.
TL;DR – (Too Long; Didn’t Read)
Transitions can be especially challenging for adults with autism due to sensory sensitivities, communication difficulties, a strong need for routine, and executive functioning challenges. Here are 20 practical autism transition strategies for adults to ease routine changes and reduce anxiety:
- Provide advance warnings: Prepare ahead to reduce stress.
- Use visual timers and schedules: Clarify expectations visually.
- Indicate transitions with pictures or words: Visual cues ease anxiety.
- Celebrate successes: Boost confidence by recognizing efforts.
- Make transitions predictable: Offer clear information beforehand.
- Use a completion box: Visually signal activity endings.
- Alternate easy and challenging activities: Manage stress gradually.
- Utilize social stories: Help clarify upcoming changes visually.
- Rehearse routine changes: Practice new routines beforehand.
- Have a meltdown contingency plan: Prepare calming strategies in advance.
- Prioritize tasks clearly: Highlight immediate activities clearly.
- Allow wait time: Provide adjustment periods between tasks.
- Clarify activity duration: Clearly communicate how long tasks last.
- Use transition objects: Comforting items ease anxiety.
- Minimize waiting: Offer filler activities to prevent frustration.
- Take sensory breaks: Allow calming activities during stressful times.
- Use distraction techniques: Shift focus away from stressors.
- Maintain consistency: Stick to structured routines as much as possible.
- Introduce changes slowly: Gradual adjustments ease anxiety.
- Offer choices: Empower decision-making to increase comfort.
By implementing these strategies and creating supportive environments, adults with autism can navigate transitions more comfortably, reduce stress, and enhance their daily independence.
For major transitions like entering the workforce, neurodivergent-affirming career coaching can provide support to autistic young adults adapting to change.
Further Reading
- Customizing Visual Schedules for Every Learner
- Kara Hume, Ph.D.: Transition Time: Helping Individuals on the Autism Spectrum Move Successfully from One Activity to Another
- Rebekah Pierce: The Benefits Of Setting A Daily Routine: How Schedules Can Help Your Child With Unique Learning Needs
- Rebekah Pierce: How To Deal With Changes To A Routine